iptables -A INPUT -m mac --mac-source 00:0F:EA:91:04:08 -j DROP
Se você quiser apenas permitir que a porta 22 do um MAC tenha sinal
verde, o comando é:iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --destination-port 22 -m mac --mac-source 00:0F:EA:91:04:07 -j ACCEPT
Dica: O protocolo DHCP ( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ) é o sucessor do protocolo BOOTP ( Standard Bootstrap) (RFC 1542)
No windows um arp -s 10.0.0.200 00-10-54-CA-E1-40 , ajudaria a resolver o problema (LER +)
Confira as etapas citadas acima na imagem a seguir:
IP: ID = 0x0; Proto = UDP; Len: 328
IP: Version = 4 (0x4)
IP: Header Length = 20 (0x14)
IP: Service Type = 0 (0x0)
IP: Precedence = Routine
IP: ...0.... = Normal Delay
IP: ....0... = Normal Throughput
IP: .....0.. = Normal Reliability
IP: Total Length = 328 (0x148)
IP: Identification = 0 (0x0)
IP: Flags Summary = 0 (0x0)
IP: .......0 = Last fragment in datagram
IP: ......0. = May fragment datagram if necessary
IP: Fragment Offset = 0 (0x0) bytes
IP: Time to Live = 128 (0x80)
IP: Protocol = UDP - User Datagram
IP: Checksum = 0x39A6
IP: Source Address = 0.0.0.0 - Origem
IP: Destination Address = 255.255.255.255 - Destino
IP: Data: Number of data bytes remaining = 308 (0x0134)
DHCP: Discover (xid=21274A1D)
DHCP: Op Code (op) = 1 (0x1)
DHCP: Hardware Type (htype) = 1 (0x1) 10Mb Ethernet
DHCP: Hardware Address Length (hlen) = 6 (0x6)
DHCP: Hops (hops) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: Transaction ID (xid) = 556223005 (0x21274A1D)
DHCP: Seconds (secs) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: Flags (flags) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: 0............... = No Broadcast
DHCP: Client IP Address (ciaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Your IP Address (yiaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Server IP Address (siaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Relay IP Address (giaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Client Ethernet Address (chaddr) = 08002B2ED85E
DHCP: Server Host Name (sname) =
DHCP: Boot File Name (file) =
DHCP: Magic Cookie = [OK]
DHCP: Option Field (options)
DHCP: DHCP Message Type =
DHCP Discover
DHCP: Client-identifier = (Type: 1) 08 00 2b 2e d8 5e
DHCP: Host Name = JUMBO-WS
DHCP: Parameter Request List = (Length: 7) 01 0f 03 2c 2e 2f 06
DHCP: End of this option field
DHCPOFFER
IP: ID = 0x3C30; Proto = UDP; Len: 328
IP: Version = 4 (0x4)
IP: Header Length = 20 (0x14)
IP: Service Type = 0 (0x0)
IP: Precedence = Routine
IP: ...0.... = Normal Delay
IP: ....0... = Normal Throughput
IP: .....0.. = Normal Reliability
IP: Total Length = 328 (0x148)
IP: Identification = 15408 (0x3C30)
IP: Flags Summary = 0 (0x0)
IP: .......0 = Last fragment in datagram
IP: ......0. = May fragment datagram if necessary
IP: Fragment Offset = 0 (0x0) bytes
IP: Time to Live = 128 (0x80)
IP: Protocol = UDP - User Datagram
IP: Checksum = 0x2FA8
IP: Source Address = 157.54.48.151 - IP Do SERVER DHCP
IP: Destination Address = 255.255.255.255 - Destino
IP: Data: Number of data bytes remaining = 308 (0x0134)
DHCP: Offer (xid=21274A1D)
DHCP: Op Code (op) = 2 (0x2)
DHCP: Hardware Type (htype) = 1 (0x1) 10Mb Ethernet
DHCP: Hardware Address Length (hlen) = 6 (0x6)
DHCP: Hops (hops) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: Transaction ID (xid) = 556223005 (0x21274A1D)
DHCP: Seconds (secs) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: Flags (flags) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: 0............... = No Broadcast
DHCP: Client IP Address (ciaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Your IP Address (yiaddr) = 157.54.50.5 - IP que está sendo oferecido
DHCP: Server IP Address (siaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Relay IP Address (giaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Client Ethernet Address (chaddr) = 08002B2ED85E
DHCP: Server Host Name (sname) =
DHCP: Boot File Name (file) =
DHCP: Magic Cookie = [OK]
DHCP: Option Field (options)
DHCP: DHCP Message Type =
DHCP Offer
DHCP: Subnet Mask = 255.255.240.0
DHCP: Renewal Time Value (T1) = 8 Days, 0:00:00
DHCP: Rebinding Time Value (T2) = 14 Days, 0:00:00
DHCP: IP Address Lease Time = 16 Days, 0:00:00
DHCP: Server Identifier = 157.54.48.151
DHCP: Router = 157.54.48.1
DHCP: NetBIOS Name Service = 157.54.16.154
DHCP: NetBIOS Node Type = (Length: 1) 04
DHCP: End of this option field
DHCPREQUEST
IP: ID = 0x100; Proto = UDP; Len: 328
IP: Version = 4 (0x4)
IP: Header Length = 20 (0x14)
IP: Service Type = 0 (0x0)
IP: Precedence = Routine
IP: ...0.... = Normal Delay
IP: ....0... = Normal Throughput
IP: .....0.. = Normal Reliability
IP: Total Length = 328 (0x148)
IP: Identification = 256 (0x100)
IP: Flags Summary = 0 (0x0)
IP: .......0 = Last fragment in datagram
IP: ......0. = May fragment datagram if necessary
IP: Fragment Offset = 0 (0x0) bytes
IP: Time to Live = 128 (0x80)
IP: Protocol = UDP - User Datagram
IP: Checksum = 0x38A6
IP: Source Address = 0.0.0.0
IP: Destination Address = 255.255.255.255
IP: Data: Number of data bytes remaining = 308 (0x0134)
DHCP: Request (xid=21274A1D)
DHCP: Op Code (op) = 1 (0x1)
DHCP: Hardware Type (htype) = 1 (0x1) 10Mb Ethernet
DHCP: Hardware Address Length (hlen) = 6 (0x6)
DHCP: Hops (hops) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: Transaction ID (xid) = 556223005 (0x21274A1D)
DHCP: Seconds (secs) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: Flags (flags) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: 0............... = No Broadcast
DHCP: Client IP Address (ciaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Your IP Address (yiaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Server IP Address (siaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Relay IP Address (giaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Client Ethernet Address (chaddr) = 08002B2ED85E
DHCP: Server Host Name (sname) =
DHCP: Boot File Name (file) =
DHCP: Magic Cookie = [OK]
DHCP: Option Field (options)
DHCP: DHCP Message Type =
DHCP Request
DHCP: Client-identifier = (Type: 1) 08 00 2b 2e d8 5e
DHCP: Requested Address = 157.54.50.5
DHCP: Server Identifier = 157.54.48.151
DHCP: Host Name = JUMBO-WS
DHCP: Parameter Request List = (Length: 7) 01 0f 03 2c 2e 2f 06
DHCP: End of this option field
DHCPACK
IP: ID = 0x3D30; Proto = UDP; Len: 328
IP: Version = 4 (0x4)
IP: Header Length = 20 (0x14)
IP: Service Type = 0 (0x0)
IP: Precedence = Routine
IP: ...0.... = Normal Delay
IP: ....0... = Normal Throughput
IP: .....0.. = Normal Reliability
IP: Total Length = 328 (0x148)
IP: Identification = 15664 (0x3D30)
IP: Flags Summary = 0 (0x0)
IP: .......0 = Last fragment in datagram
IP: ......0. = May fragment datagram if necessary
IP: Fragment Offset = 0 (0x0) bytes
IP: Time to Live = 128 (0x80)
IP: Protocol = UDP - User Datagram
IP: Checksum = 0x2EA8
IP: Source Address = 157.54.48.151
IP: Destination Address = 255.255.255.255
IP: Data: Number of data bytes remaining = 308 (0x0134)
DHCP: ACK (xid=21274A1D)
DHCP: Op Code (op) = 2 (0x2)
DHCP: Hardware Type (htype) = 1 (0x1) 10Mb Ethernet
DHCP: Hardware Address Length (hlen) = 6 (0x6)
DHCP: Hops (hops) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: Transaction ID (xid) = 556223005 (0x21274A1D)
DHCP: Seconds (secs) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: Flags (flags) = 0 (0x0)
DHCP: 0............... = No Broadcast
DHCP: Client IP Address (ciaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Your IP Address (yiaddr) = 157.54.50.5
DHCP: Server IP Address (siaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Relay IP Address (giaddr) = 0.0.0.0
DHCP: Client Ethernet Address (chaddr) = 08002B2ED85E
DHCP: Server Host Name (sname) =
DHCP: Boot File Name (file) =
DHCP: Magic Cookie = [OK]
DHCP: Option Field (options)
DHCP: DHCP Message Type = DHCP ACK
DHCP: Renewal Time Value (T1) = 8 Days, 0:00:00
DHCP: Rebinding Time Value (T2) = 14 Days, 0:00:00
DHCP: IP Address Lease Time = 16 Days, 0:00:00
DHCP: Server Identifier = 157.54.48.151
DHCP: Subnet Mask = 255.255.240.0
DHCP: Router = 157.54.48.1
DHCP: NetBIOS Name Service = 157.54.16.154
DHCP: NetBIOS Node Type = (Length: 1) 04
DHCP: End of this option field
PACOTES DHCP:
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-serverdepois de instalado, vá até os arquivos/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.confe/etc/default/dhcp3-servere edite-os de acordo com as suas necessidadesDica:Com o pacote instalado, você pode ativar e desativar o serviço usando oscomandos:# /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start# /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server stop2° Logo após a instalação será mostrado um "erro" que pode ser confuso para você,mas com as etapasmostradas você verá que o processo não é muito difícil, e o que você precisa fazer para contornaresse erro é atribuir um endereço de IP randonômico.As etapas de atribuição de IP randonômico são as seguintes:sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
# Sample /etc/dhcpd.conf # (add your comments here)
default-lease-time 600;max-lease-time 7200;option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;option routers 192.168.1.254;option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2;option domain-name "mydomain.example";subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200;range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200;}
- A configuração acima vai dar ao cliente um IP entre a faixa de 192.168.1.10-192.168.1.100ou 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200
- Vai liberar também um tempo de 600 segundos para o IP docliente, caso ele não solicite um tempode "lease" específico.
- A linha max-lease-time 7200; diz ao cliente que o tempo máximo para um cliente ficar com umIPserá de 7200 segundos. - A mascara de sub rede a ser usada será 255.255.255.0 ; - 192.168.1.255 IP de broadcast;192.168.1.254 será o gateway
-Os IP's 192.168.1.1 e 192.168.1.2 serão seus servidores de DNS.Outros parametros podem aida serem inclusos no arquivo acima como:- option ip-forwarding off; aqui define se o roteamente está ou não
habilitado.
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) para encontrar o hardware alvo.
Pessoal, essa dica é mais uma do tipo "utilidade publica", não é relacionada a linux como os demais artigos e dicas postados aqui no how2ubuntu, mas sem sombra de duvidas, vaia judar muita gente.
wget http://username:password@www.example.net/somedir/somefilewget ftp://username:password@ftp.example.net/somedir/somefileMD5: bd126a7b59d5d1f97ba89a3e71425731
SHA1: 457b1cd985ed07baffd8c66ff40e9c1b6da93753
Website Source: 1 - 2dig @dnsserver porttest.dns-oarc.net in txt or go to Dan's site (está off) and run his "Check My DNS" script. The dig command will tell you if your system is "GOOD" or "POOR". Dan's system tells you if you are vulnerable or not.
Comando:Resposta:
nishv@nishv.com [~]# dig +short @4.2.2.2 porttest.dns-oarc.net txtporttest.y.x.w.v.u.t.s.r.q.p.o.n.m.l.k.j.i.h.g.f.e.d.c.b.a.pt.dns-oarc.net.
"209.244.4.25 is GOOD: 26 queries in 1.9 seconds from 26 ports with std dev 3880"If you don’t get GREAT or GOOD and gets something like POOR, you should immediately stop using it.
If you manage that DNS server, patch it or decommission it!
#!/bin/bash
# Choose DNS
clear
set -e
Principal() {
echo "How2Ubuntu DNS Choose 1.0 - Last modify 28.03.10- by charlespito "
echo "------------------------------------------"
echo "Opções:"
echo
echo "1. dns do google (8.8.8.8)"
echo "2. dns da BrTurbo (200.199.201.23)"
echo "3. dns do Uol (200.221.11.100)"
echo "4. dns do Open DNS (208.67.222.222 - 208.67.220.220)"
echo "5. Sair"
echo
echo -n "Digite sua opcão: "
read opcao
case $opcao in
1) dnsgoogle ;;
2) dnsbrturbo ;;
3) dnsuol ;;
4) dns_opendns ;;
5) exit ;;
*) "Opção desconhecida." ; echo ; Principal ;;
esac
}
dnsgoogle() {
echo "GOOGLE DNS =>"
sudo chmod 777 /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf
sudo chmod 644 /etc/resolv.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop
sleep 6
sudo /etc/init.d/networking start
clear
echo "Operação realizada com sucesso."
}
dnsbrturbo() {
echo "BRTURBO DNS =>"
sudo chmod 777 /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 200.199.201.23" > /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 200.199.201.24" >> /etc/resolv.conf
sudo chmod 644 /etc/resolv.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop
sleep 6
sudo /etc/init.d/networking start
clear
echo "Operação realizada com sucesso."
}
dnsuol() {
echo "UOL DNS =>"
sudo chmod 777 /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 200.221.11.100" > /etc/resolv.conf
sudo chmod 644 /etc/resolv.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop
sleep 6
sudo /etc/init.d/networking start
clear
echo "Operação realizada com sucesso."
}
dns_opendns() {
echo "OPENDNS DNS =>"
sudo chmod 777 /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 208.67.222.222" > /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 208.67.220.220" >> /etc/resolv.conf
sudo chmod 644 /etc/resolv.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop
sleep 6
sudo /etc/init.d/networking start
clear
echo "Operação realizada com sucesso."
}
Principal
Sempre que atualizo o ubuntu aqui, ao abrir o Firefox o primeiro addon que instalo é o gtranslate, como gosto de estudar bastante a liígua Inglesa, baixo podcasts, apostilas, artigos, tudo para aumentar o meu conhecimento, mas e quando estou navegando em uma pagina, e me deparo com uma palavra desconhecida, o que fazer?
Lendo a FAQ do X-Chat no link, acabei encontrando uma resposta para o grande gasto de memória que causa o programa. The simple answer is, it doesn't! There are some GTK+ pixmap based themes around that leak a lot of memory. Please try using a different theme and see if that resolves the problem. X-Chat itself only allocates about 40kb of memory through malloc()!
Ou seja, os próprios desenvolvedores do programa não tem uma explicação exata para o exagerado gasto de memória do programa, por meio disso acabei fazendo o que eles recomendaram, troquei o tema do programa e os 40mb de memória que o programa estava usando com o tema default, passou para 6mb.
Novos temas são facilmente encontrados na web, eu peguei o meu aqui.