Para sysadmins

Artigo pego no link

deep thoughts by sysadmins: Steve Stady and Seth Vidal
Licensed under Creative Commons By Attribution license.

1. do it the same, over and over and over again

2. Backups are sacred! If you do not know if your backups are current,
then test them by restoring the data and comparing.

3. Do not make many, tiny partitions, make a smaller number
of larger partitions, instead.

4. Why change the system default when you don't have to?

5. Think now so you don't have to later (at 4am).

6. If you have to do it more than once, automate it. If you cannot
automate it, document it.

7. Personality is for people, not for computers.

8. "Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place.
Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are,
by definition, not smart enough to debug it." - Brian W. Kernighan

9. If you do not know what a machine will do when it is rebooted, then
it is not production ready.

10. Unless you write an essay on why you need to do something "special"
use the tools, procedures, techniques and resources the OS provided
for you.

11. Remember the Mack Truck Scenario: If no one will be able to figure
this out if you get hit by a Mack truck, then you're doing something
wrong.

12. Revision Control! Comment!

13. Log and rotate logs. Log remotely for best effect.

14. Simplicity is its own reward.

15. If you haven't thought of at least one potential negative outcome
of hitting enter at the end of the command you just typed; then you
don't understand the command well enough to use it on a production
system.

16. Use a unique marker for names of packages that are locally developed.
$domainname perhaps?

17. If you cannot enumerate every port that should be listening on a given
machine; then it is not production ready.

18. If the host firewalling allows access to more ports than ABSOLUTELY
necessary; then the host is not production ready.

19. If it seems like someone else would have encountered this problem
before, they probably have. We do not live in a vacuum. Google for
the answer

20. DOCUMENT!



os-specific:
Solaris:
- Never ever make /tmp its own partition.
WTF? Use tmpfs as it was intended! If you are worried about
apps filling /tmp and starving memory or vice versa use
approparite ulimit controls! That's what they are there for.

- Nothing belongs in /etc/rcN.d except links to scripts in /etc/init.d

Linux:
- If you're installing a binary and it's not installed using the system
packaging mechanism, then you are doing something wrong.

- Linux is not like solaris, do not treat it as such

O que você quer ver no HOW2UBUNTU ?

<a href="http://fs16.formsite.com/pitoow/form938348980/index.html">Click here to complete: Eu quero no How2Ubuntu</a>

Baixe já o Ubuntu 9.04

Segue abaixo os mirrors para você baixar o seu ubuntu 9.04, para baixar o kubuntu, xubuntu, edubuntu, entre no blog do meu amigo André Gondim, e pegue o seu link.

ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso

ubuntu-9.04-alternate-amd64.iso
ubuntu-9.04-alternate-i386.iso
ubuntu-9.04-server-amd64.iso
ubuntu-9.04-server-i386.iso
ubuntu-9.04-desktop-amd64.iso

I'm Linux

Novos screenshots do Ubuntu 9.04

Curioso para saber como é a cara do novo ubuntu 9.04. Vejá varios screenshots no site da softpedia clicando aqui.

Software livre gera economia de meio milhão de reais ao TRT/SC

O Tribunal Regional do Trabalho de Santa Catarina economizou em torno de R$ 520 mil desde que começou a instalar em seus computadores, em junho de 2007, o pacote de softwares livres BrOffice. O valor se refere ao que precisaria ser investido em atualização e aquisição de licenças da suíte de aplicativos MsOffice, que inclui o editor de textos (Word), de planilhas (Excel), de apresentações (Power Point), de banco de dados (Access) e o correio eletrônico (Outlook).

Continue lendo...

FCKGW-RHQQ2-YXRKT-8TG6W-2B7Q8

Translate to English

Você é como eu que lembra até hoje das senhas dos jogos antigos, doom, doom2, heretic, (IDDQD, IDKF) e etccc.... , e se você antigamente também usava produtos micro$oft também deve lembrar de um serial, UM SERIAL dos mais populares do mundo warez;
Quem não lembra da porc(*@#&(&# do FCKGW-RHQQ2-YXRKT-8TG6W-2B7Q8, meu deus, como que alguém não pode lembrar dessa ¨@#*&#@¨instalando o sistema 2 vezes por semana. Não é a toa que este serial foi parar na blacklist da microsoft, tanto que quando você instalava o sistema com esta p*#&@¨de serial, suas updates estavam bloqueadas e outras #*&¨#@ aconteciam depois.
Desculpem pessoal, mas isso estava dentro de mim, e eu precisava descarregar em alguém.

[CSS] Não use @import

Olá pessoal, como prometido anteriormente, vou postar aqui no how2ubuntu dicas de css.
Navegando pelo delicious, encontrei um link titulado "don’t use @ import" do site stevesouders.com, onde, o autor mostra como um site pode ter uma perda de velocidade, quando passa usar o @import, o tutorial possui várias imagens e coementários de usuários, que mostram o efeito do @import no carregamento de uma página. Dica muito interessante para você que é leigo e está aprendendo CSS, para todos webmasters e amantes do conhecimento.

$eja livre. Não pague para u$sar

Senha na BIOS

Olá pessoal como sempre estou tentando melhorar o desempenho do meu sistema, hoje resolvi colocar a senha na BIOS, fazendo que ela seja exigida em toda inicialização do sistema, o usuário tem 3 chances, caso erre as 3 (holy crap) o sistema trava.

Antes eu não tinha senha na bios e sempre precisava colocar login e senha para ter acesso ao sistema. Então aí esta a dica, para quem quer ganhar uns segundos na inicialização no sistema. A bios só pede a senha, com essa aternativa alguns segundos são ganhos.

Essa dica é melhor aplicada em desktops, imagine você ter aplicado isso no seu servidor, e uma hora o sistema da reboot o.O

Leia também aqui

Se você tem outras dicas para ganhar mais desempenho no ubuntu, deixe um link ou seu comentário neste post.

Vídeos - Palestras da TCHELINUX

Créditos : Douglas Schilling Landgraf.

Certificação Linux: Conhecendo o caminho das pedras por Bruna Griebeler
http://www.megavideo.com/?v=CXFOXBQN

Introdução a Orientação a Objetos com PHP por Guilherme Mar
http://www.megavideo.com/?v=0SLY1P8U

O projeto br.kernelnewbies.org (recomendo fone de ouvido) por Douglas Landgraf
http://www.megavideo.com/?v=WM2DMYKP

Internet Explorer perde liderança na Europa para Firefox

Nós conseguimos!

Informação foi divulgada pela empresa de pesquisa StatCounter.
Firefox 3 ficou com 35,05% do mercado, contra 34,54% do IE7.

A Microsoft perdeu na semana passada a liderança do mercado europeu de navegadores pela primeira vez em anos. O Firefox 3, do Mozilla, assumiu a posição do Internet Explorer 7, informou a empresa de pesquisa StatCounter nesta terça-feira (31).

Continue lendo no G1

Phpsysinfo

Quer ver as informações do sistema de uma forma alternativa?

O Phpsysinfo mostra informações do sistema de uma forma bem simples e de fácil entendimento

Clique aqui para ver o Phpsysinfo em funcionamento. O sistema mostra várias informações como Partições, sistema de arquivos, Ip, kernel, Espaço usado / livre no hd, uptime, uso da rede e etc.

Baixe aqui o Phpsysinfo

Agende downloads com o WGET

Dica rápida de final de semana;

Com o comando abaixo você poderá agendar seus downloads no wget, para ver mais recursos desse comando consulte man wget

No terminal digite.

echo 'wget http://www.how2ubuntu.blogspot.com/texto.txt' | at 12:00

o wget começará o download as 12 horas.

Você faz programa?

Guerra dos softwares

Clique para ampliar

Tchelinux em Gravataí - RS

Evento promovido pelo Tchelinux em parceria com o Curso de Ciência da Computação da ULBRA de Gravataí, com a finalidade de divulgar o Software Livre através de palestras e demonstrações práticas veiculadas de forma gratuita para estudantes e demais interessados.O temário desta edição será composto por 20 apresentações sobre temas relacionados ao Software Livre. Como já é de costume nos eventos do Tchelinux haverá apresentações para usuários de diferentes níveis de conhecimento e áreas de interesse.As inscrições para as 300 vagas disponíveis já estão abertas e não será cobrada inscrição em dinheiro, contudo cada participante deverá doar dois quilogramas de alimentos não perecíveis que serão encaminhados à instituições de caridade de Gravataí.

Xterm funcionando com UTF-8

You can run xterm in UTF-8 mode with:

xterm -u8

Or if you prefer to use UTF-8 the majority of the time, you can put this line in your .Xresoures file:

xterm*utf8: 1

If you specify this xterm resource, but then want to use an xterm in single-byte mode, you can start it with the +u8 option:

xterm +u8

If you use a UTF-8 enabled xterm, you probably want to make sure your locale is UTF-8 as well. For example, to switch your locale to Canadian English in UTF-8 mode, you would run (in bash):

export LANG=en_CA.UTF-8

You may also want to use a Unicode font for your xterm so as to be able to view more characters. Here is my xterm font resources:

xterm*font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--18-120-100-100-c-90-iso10646-1
xterm*wideFont: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal-ja-18-120-100-100-c-180-iso10646-1

The wideFont resource is needed for languages such as Japanese. If a wideFont resource is not specified, xterm will try and use a font that is double the width of the regular font, but if this font does not exist, the Japanese characters will not display properly.

You can use xfontsel to choose a font, or use xlsfonts to get a listing of all the Unicode fonts installed on your system:

xlsfonts | grep iso10646-1 | less

I have installed the efont-unicode SuSE RPM to give me additional Unicode fonts to choose from.

If you would like to experiment with other terminals, try mlterm. I like it because it allows you to change the terminal encoding on the fly. You can do this with ctrl+.

Apt-get : NO_PUBKEY / GPG error

Ao atualizar um sistema debian-like, o apt-get pode mostrat a seguinte mensagem:

W: GPG error: ftp://ftp.debian.org/ testing Release:
The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 010908312D230C5F

W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs:
010908312D230C5F

Esse "erro" apareceu justamente porque o apt-get requer autenticidade dos seus servidores para atualização.

Mas como resolver esse erro?

No terminal digite:

gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key 010908312D230C5F

onde 010908312D230C5F é o número que apareceu na mensagem de erro citada anteriormente.

Para finalizar

gpg -a --export 010908312D230C5F | sudo apt-key add -

repetindo o nosso número 010908312D230C5F novamente

Pronto. Agora quando você for usar o apt-get update , os erros não aparecerão mais.
Leia mais sobre Chaves de autenticação

Desabilite serviços e aumente a performance do seu sistema

Dica pega do site ubuntulinuxhelp.com

Disabling (or enabling) services can be completed (in Ubuntu Linux) by going to System -> Administration -> Services

acpi-support
You can leave this turned on.
This is for power management.

acpid
You can leave this turned on.
This is for power management.

alsa
You can leave this turned on if you use the alsa sound system.
Turn it off if you use alsa-utils.
(The default for this should be off if alsa-utils is on).

alsa-utils
See “alsa” above.

anacron
You can leave this turned on.
This is a cron system that runs cron jobs not being executed atthe appropriate time. What I mean by this is a cron job may need to run at a certain time, but your PC (or laptop) is turned off. When you power up, anacron will run the job.

apmd
You should be able to turn this off if you use acpi.
This is for (older) power management.

atd
You can turn this off.
It is a job scheduler.

binfmt-support
You can leave this turned on.
This provides kernel support for other binary formats.

bluez-utils
You can turn this off (if you don’t use bluetooth devices).
It provides support for connecting blue tooth enabled devices.

bootlogd
You can leave this turned on.
Provides logging of your boot messages.

cron
You can leave this turned on.
This runs your cron jobs. (Like auto-update for example).

cupsys
Leave this on if you have a printer.
It is a subsystem to manager your printers.

dbus
You can leave this turned on.
This is a message bus system. It allows your applications to communicate.

dns-clean
You can turn this off if you’re not using a dial-up connection.
It ensures your dns info is in order (clean) when using dial-up connections, that’s why broadband users can turn it off.

evms
You can turn this off.
evms (Enterprise Volumn Management System) is used to manage volumes and in a clustering environment.

fetchmail
You can turn this off.
A daemon for mail receiving.

gdm
Advanced users can turn it off (and call a GUI later).
Normal desktop users that need a GUI should leave this on (so that we boot to the GUI).
This is the gnome desktop manager.

gdomap
You can turn it off.
A daemon used by GNUstep programs to look up distributed objects of processes running on the local machine as well as across the network.

gpm
You can turn this off.
It provides mouse support for console.

halt
Leave this alone!
It’s your power off command.

hdparm
You can leave this turned on.
It’s a hard drive tuning script.

hibernate
Leave it on only if your system supports it.
Provides system hibernation support.
If your system does not support hibernation, then don’t waste resources and turn this off.

hotkey-setup
Turn this off if your system does not support this.
Leave this on if your system supports this.
It’s a daemon that lets you map hotkeys on Laptop to do different things.

hotplug
Turn this off if you don’t need hot-plugging.
As the name implies it activates hotplugging.

hotplug-net
See “hotplug” above.

hplip
Turn this off if you don’t need it.
This is the HP printing and Image subsystem.

ifrename
Turn this off if you don’t need it.
It’s a network interface script used for managing multiple network interface names.
The system I’m using to type this blog entry uses a wireless Linksys card and a wired ethernet 3Com card, they are assigned eth0 and ath0 from the kernel. (Therefore I don’t require the multiple interface name management features).

ifupdown
You can leave this turned on. It activates your network interfaces at boot time.

ifupdown-clean
See “ifupdown” above.

inetd
You can leave this turned on.
inetd (/etc/inetd.conf) is a file you can edit to comment out any services you don’t need.

klogd
You can leave this turned on.
It is the Kernel Logging Daemon, which is responsible for prioritizing and processing operating system messages.

laptop-mode
Laptop users!… Leave this on.
This is a service to configure battery utilization.

linux-restricted-modules-common
Leave this on if needed.
I do because I’m using restricted nVidea drivers.

lvm
You can turn this of if you don’t use it. (I don’t use it).
Linux Logical Volume Manager facilitates the creation of several physical volumes into one “volume”.

makedev
You can leave this turned on.
It is the manager (script) utility makes it easy to manage the /dev directory device files. (Hard drives, CDROMs, etc.)

mdamd
You can turn this off if you don’t need it.
This is a RAID management tool.

mdamd-raid
See “mdamd” above.

module-init-tools
You may want to leave this on.
You can turn this off if you don’t need any of the modules.
It loads the extra modules file (/etc/modules). Open your /etc/modules file, if there are any unused modules, turn it off.

mountvirtfs
You can leave this turned on.
It mounts virtual filesystems!

networking
You can leave this turned on.
It loads the network interfaces (/etc/network/interfaces) and configures the dns information at boot time.

ntpdate
You can turn this off.
It synchronizes the time with the external time server (Ubuntu).

nvidia-kernel
Leave this on if you use the ubuntu nvidia driver from the restrict modules.

pcmcia
You can turn this off if your desktop does not use it.
This is usually pcmcia device management for laptops (Desktops generally don’t have pcmcia devices).

portmap
You can turn this off if your PC or laptop does to act as a server.
This is adaemon for managing services like nfs, etc. (Services usually provided by a server).

powernowd
You can turn this off if it’s not needed.
This is the client for managing cpufreq (support CPU speed stepping technology). For laptops, you’ll probably want to leave this on. PC users will probably want to turn this off.

ppp
You can turn this off if you don’t use dial up
Provided PPP dial-up connectivity.

ppp-dns
See “ppp” above.

readahead
You can turn this off.
This loads into memory on start up and facilitaes the faster lauching of applications. Doing this slows the boot time. Personally, I just didn’t see it improve anything.

reboot
Leave this alone!
It’s your reboot command.

resolvconf
You can leave this turned on.
It configures DNS based on your network status.

rsync
You can turn this off if you dont need it.
This is a daemon that can be used to provide automated backup services.

sendsigs
Leave this alone!
It sends the appropriate signals during bootup and shutdown.

single
Leave this alone!
This facilites single user mode.

ssh
You can turn this off if you don’t need it.
This facilitaes remote connections and command executions.

sudo
You can turn this off if you don’t need it.
(superuser do) checks the superuser status. I need this so I leave it one. If you don’t tweak or “play” with your system, you may not notice it being turned off.

sysklogd
Leave this alone!
It provides support for system logging and kernel message trapping.

udev
You can leave this on.
It provides port management and support for hot plugging.

udev-mab
See “udev” above.

umountfs
Leave this alone!
Provides mounting/unmounting of volumes.

usplash
You can turn this off.
I don’t need to see the boot splash screen.
You can leave this on
This saves your video card status as it is the (video card BIOS) configuration tool.

xinetd
Again there is a file you can edit to comment out any services you don’t need.
Another daemon to manage other damons. You can edit /etc/xinetd.d and disable what you don’t need.

xorg-common
Leave this alone!
Part of the X Window System. Setup the X server.

I hope this helps some of you!